During the Government Finance Officers Association (GFOA) Annual Conference in Washington D.C. from June 29 through July 2, we had the opportunity to videotape eight attendees speaking forthrightly about their areas of expertise, and we’ve been posting them weekly.

The first installment featured Lunda Asmani, Chief Financial Officer for Norwalk Public Schools in Connecticut and the new president of the GFOA. The second was with Liz Farmer, officer at the Pew Charitable Trusts. The third was with Tanya Garost, City Manager of Martensville, Saskatchewan, and recent past president of GFOA. Two weeks ago, we featured Justin Marlowe, a research professor in the University of Chicago’s Harris School of Public Policy, where he also serves as Director for the Center for Municipal Finance, and last week we added Dustin Lanier, founder and principal consultant for Civic Initiatives LLC., to the group.

This week we visit with Andrew Kleine, a managing director at Ernst and Young, prior to which he spent 26 years in federal and local government. Among the topics he addressed were, in his words “the hidden balance sheet.”

As he says in this short video, “I was seeing a lot of cities and counties facing the issue of deferred infrastructure maintenance. And looking ahead, they are in a really difficult situation, where they have developed over the years, built infrastructure streets and sidewalks and water infrastructure and community amenities, and now as their population levels off they’re wondering how are we going to maintain these?”